Die Syntax von SQL  (vereinfacht)

Direkte SQL-Anweisung

Direkte SQL-Anweisung
        .------------------------.         .-.
---.--->| Direkte Datenanweisung |---.--->( ; )--->
   |    '------------------------'   ^     '-'
   |    .------------------------.   |
   '--->| Schemaanweisung        |---'
        '------------------------'

Direkte Datenanweisungen (Direkte SQL-Anweisung)

Direkte Datenanweisung

Direkte Datenanweisung
        .-------------------.
---.--->| Abfrageausdruck   |---.--->
   |    '-------------------'   |
   |    .-------------------.   |
   '--->| Einfuegeanweisung |---'
        '-------------------'

Abfrageausdrücke (Direkte Datenanweisung)

Abfrageausdruck

 (7.13, 7.12)
<direct select statement: multiple rows> ::= <cursor specification> [22.2, 1408a2, 1383b]
<cursor specification> ::= <query expression> [14.3, 1124a2, 1099b]
<query expression> ::= [ <with clause> ] <query expression body> [ <order by clause> ] [7.17, 512a2, 487b]
<query expression body> ::= <query term> | <query expression body> UNION [ ALL | DISTINCT ] [ <corresponding spec> ] <query term> | <query expression body> EXCEPT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] [ <corresponding spec> ] <query term>  [7.17, 512a2, 487b]
<query term> ::= <query primary> | <query term> INTERSECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] [ <corresponding spec> ] <query primary> [7.17, 512a2, 487b]
<query primary> ::= <simple table> | <left paren> <query expression body> [ <order by clause> ] [ <result offset clause> ] [ <fetch first clause> ] <right paren> [7.17, 512a2, 487b]
<simple table> ::= <query specification> | <table value constructor> | <explicit table> [7.17, 512a2, 487b]
<query specification> ::= SELECT [ <set quantifier> ] <select list> <table expression> [7.16, 501a2, 476b]
Abfrageausdruck
     .------.     .--------------.    .------------------.
--->( SELECT )--->| Auswahlliste |--->| Tabellenausdruck |--->
     '------'     '--------------'    '------------------'

Auswahlliste

 (7.12)
<select list> ::= <asterisk>| <select sublist> [ { <comma> <select sublist> }... ]       [7.16, 501a2, 476b]
<select sublist> ::= <derived column> | <qualified asterisk>        [7.16, 501a2, 476b]
<qualified asterisk> ::= <asterisked identifier chain> <period> <asterisk> | <all fields reference>        [7.16, 501a2, 476b]
<asterisked identifier chain> ::= <asterisked identifier> [ { <period> <asterisked identifier> }... ]       [7.16, 501a2, 476b]
<asterisked identifier> ::= <identifier>       [7.16, 501a2, 476b]
<derived column> ::= <value expression> [ <as clause> ]       [7.16, 501a2, 476b]
<as clause> ::= [ AS ] <column name>       [7.16, 501a2, 476b]
<all fields reference> ::= <value expression primary> <period> <asterisk> [ AS <left paren> <all fields column name list> <right paren> ]       [7.16, 501a2, 476b]
<all fields column name list> ::= <column name list>       [7.16, 501a2, 476b]
Auswahlliste
            .------------.
---.---.--->| Bezeichner |---.---.--->
   |   ^    '------------'   |   |
   |   |         .-.         |   |
   |   '--------( , )--------'   |
   |             '-'             |
   |             .-.             |
   '----------->( * )------------'
                 '-'

Tabellenausdruck

 (7.4)
<table expression> ::=<from clause> [ <where clause> ] [ <group by clause> ] [ <having clause> ] [ <window clause> ]         [7.4, 415a2, 390b]
<from clause> ::= FROM <table reference list> <table reference list> ::= <table reference> [ { <comma> <table reference> }... ]        [7.5, 416a2, 391b]
<table reference> ::= <table factor> | <joined table>        [7.6, 419a2, 394b]
<table factor> ::= <table primary>        [7.6, 419a2, 394b]
<table primary> ::= <table or query name>        [7.6, 419a2, 394b]
<where clause> ::= WHERE <search condition>        [7.12, 474a2, 449b]
<search condition> ::= <boolean value expression>        [8.12, 593a2, 568b]
<boolean value expression> ::= <boolean term> | <boolean value expression> OR <boolean term>         [6.39, 390a2, 365b]
<boolean term> ::= <boolean factor> | <boolean term> AND <boolean factor>          [6.39, 390a2, 365b]
<boolean factor> ::= [ NOT ] <boolean test>         [6.39, 390a2, 365b]
<boolean test> ::= <boolean primary> [ IS [ NOT ] <truth value> ]         [6.39, 390a2, 365b]
<truth value> ::= TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN         [6.39, 390a2, 365b]
<boolean primary> ::= <predicate> | <boolean predicand>         [6.39, 390a2, 365b]
<boolean predicand> ::= <parenthesized boolean value expression> | <nonparenthesized value expression primary>         [6.39, 390a2, 365b]
<parenthesized boolean value expression> ::= <left paren> <boolean value expression> <right paren>         [6.39, 390a2, 365b]
<predicate> ::= <comparison predicate> | <between predicate> | <in predicate> | <like predicate> | <similar predicate> | <regex like predicate> | <null predicate> | <quantified comparison predicate> | <exists predicate> | <unique predicate> | <normalized predicate> | <match predicate> | <overlaps predicate> | <distinct predicate> | <member predicate> | <submultiset predicate> | <set predicate> | <type predicate> | <period predicate> | <JSON predicate> | <JSON exists predicate>         [8.1, 538a2, 513b]
<comparison predicate> ::= <row value predicand> <comparison predicate part 2>         [8.2, 540a2, 515b]
<comparison predicate part 2> ::= <comp op> <row value predicand>         [8.2, 540a2, 515b]
<comp op> ::= <equals operator> | <not equals operator> | <less than operator> | <greater than operator> | <less than or equals operator> | <greater than or equals operator>         [8.2, 540a2, 515b]
Tabellenausdruck
     .----.     .------------. 
--->( FROM )--->| Bezeichner |--->
     '----'     '------------'

Einfügeanweisungen (Direkte Datenanweisung)

Einfuegeanweisung (vereinfacht)

Einfuegeanweisung
     .------.      .-----.     .------------.         .-.     .------------.     .-.          .------.          .-.     .--------.     .-.
--->( INSERT )--->( INTO  )--->| Bezeichner |---.--->( ( )--->| Bezeichner |--->( ) )---.--->( VALUES )---.--->( ( )--->| Skalar |--->( ) )---.--->
     '------'      '-----'     '------------'   |     '-'     '------------'     '-'    ^     '------'    ^     '-'     '--------'     '-'    |
                                                |                                       |                 |                 .-.               |
                                                '---------------------------------------'                 '----------------( , )--------------'
                                                                                                                            '-'

Mehrzeilige Einfuegeanweisung (vereinfacht) *

Einfuegeanweisung
     .------.      .-----.     .------------.         .-.     .------------.     .-.          .------.          .-.         .--------.         .-.          .-.
--->( INSERT )--->( INTO  )--->| Bezeichner |---.--->( ( )--->| Bezeichner |--->( ) )---.--->( VALUES )---.--->( ( )---.--->| Skalar |---.--->( ) )---.--->( ; )--->
     '------'      '-----'     '------------'   |     '-'     '------------'     '-'    ^     '------'    ^     '-'    ^    '--------'   |     '-'    |     '-'
                                 Tabellenname   |               Spaltenname             |                 |            |                 |            |
                                                |                                       |                 |            |        .-.      |            |
                                                '---------------------------------------'                 |            '-------( , )-----'            |
                                                                                                          |                     '-'                   |
                                                                                                          |                                           |
                                                                                                          |                     .-.                   |
                                                                                                          '--------------------( , )------------------'
                                                                                                                                '-'

Einfügeanweisung (<insert statement>) (vereinfacht)

     .------.      .----.     .------------.    .----------------------------.
--->( INSERT )--->( INTO )--->| Bezeichner |--->| Einfuegespalten und Quelle |--->
     '------'      '----'     '------------'    '----------------------------'
                                Tabellenname

Einfuegespalten und Quelle (<insert columns and source>) (vereinfacht)

    .--------------------------------------------------.
    |                                                  |
    |     .-.     .----------------------.     .-.     V    .-------------------------------------------------.
--->'--->( ( )--->| Einfuegespaltenliste |--->( ) )--->'--->| kontextuell typisierter Tabellenwertkonstruktor |--->
          '-'     '----------------------'     '-'          '-------------------------------------------------'

Schemaanweisungen (Direkte SQL-Anweisung)

Schemaanweisung

Schemaanweisung
        .--------------------------------.
---.--->| Schemadefinitionsanweisung     |---.--->
   |    '--------------------------------'   |
   |    .--------------------------------.   |
   '--->| Schemamanipulationsanweisung   |---'
        '--------------------------------'

Schemadefinitionsanweisungen (Schemaanweisung)

Schemadefinitionsanweisung

Schemadefinitionsanweisung
        .----------------------.
---.--->| Tabellendefinition   |---.--->
   |    '----------------------'   |
   |    .----------------------.   |
   '--->| Ansichtsdefinition   |---'
   |    '----------------------'   |
   |    .----------------------.   |
   '--->| Schemadefinition     |---'
        '----------------------'

Tabellendefinitionen (Schemadefinitionsanweisung)

Tabellendefinitionsanweisung

Tabellendefinitionsanweisung
     .------.      .-----.     .------------.     .-.         .----------------------.         .-.
--->( CREATE )--->( TABLE )--->| Bezeichner |--->( ( )---.--->| Spaltenspezifikation |--->.---( ) )--->
     '------'      '-----'     '------------'     '-'    ^    '----------------------'    |    '-'
                                 Tabellenname            |              .-.               |
                                                         '-------------( , )--------------'
                                                                        '-'

Spaltenspezifikation

Spaltenspezifikation
    .------------.    .----------.
--->| Bezeichner |--->| Datentyp |--->
    '------------'    '----------'
      Spaltenname

Ansichtsdefinitionen (Schemadefinitionsanweisung)

Ansichtsdefinition

 (11.31)
Ansichtsdefinition
     .------.      .----.     .------------.     .--.     .-----------------.
--->( CREATE )--->( VIEW )--->| Bezeichner |--->( AS )--->| Abfrageausdruck |--->
     '------'      '----'     '------------'     '--'     '-----------------'
                                Ansichtsname

Schemadefinitionen (Schemadefinitionsanweisung)

Schemadefinition

Schemadefinition
     .------.      .------.     .------------.
--->( CREATE )--->( SCHEMA )--->| Bezeichner |--->
     '------'      '------'     '------------'

Schemamanipulationsanweisungen (Schemaanweisung)

Schemamanipulationsanweisung

Schemamanipulationsanweisung
        .-----------------------.    
---.--->| Drop-Schema-Anweisung |---.--->
   |    '-----------------------'   |
   |    .-----------------------.   |
   '--->| Drop-Table-Anweisung  |---'
   |    '-----------------------'   |
   |    .-----------------------.   |
   '--->| Drop-View-Anweisung   |---'
        '-----------------------'

DROP-SCHEMA-Anweisung (Schemamanipulationsanweisung)

DROP-SCHEMA-Anweisung

DROP-SCHEMA-Anweisung
     .----.      .------.     .------------. 
--->( DROP )--->( SCHEMA )--->| Bezeichner |--->
     '----'      '------'     '------------'
                                Schemaname

DROP-TABLE-Anweisung (Schemamanipulationsanweisung)

DROP-TABLE-Anweisung

DROP-TABLE-Anweisung
     .----.      .-----.     .------------. 
--->( DROP )--->( TABLE )--->| Bezeichner |--->
     '----'      '-----'     '------------'
                               Tabellenname

DROP-VIEW-Anweisung (Schemamanipulationsanweisung)

DROP-VIEW-Anweisung

DROP-VIEW-Anweisung
     .----.      .----.     .------------. 
--->( DROP )--->( VIEW )--->| Bezeichner |--->
     '----'      '----'     '------------'
                              Ansichtname