Introduction into using SAX parsers to read an XML file using the Java programming language. (XML parser in Java, XML reader in Java, example sax parser example java), lesson, page 721649
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Stefan Ram

Java SAX XML Parser Example

This is a simple XML parser written using SAX   Standard classes of Java 1.4.

The class "XML" is a utility class, that offers an operation to make an XML-reader.

XML.java
/** utility class */
final class XML
{ /** create a new XML reader */
  final public static org.xml.sax.XMLReader makeXMLReader()  
  throws Exception 
  { final javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory saxParserFactory   =  
    javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); 
    final javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser        saxParser = saxParserFactory.newSAXParser(); 
    final org.xml.sax.XMLReader              parser    = saxParser.getXMLReader(); 
    return parser; }}

A reader will send parts encountered to an instance of the class "Sink". This class has to implement the operations that the reader will invoke, i.e., the “event sinks”. Using the class "org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler" as a base class, only the operations that should really do something need to be overwritten. Here the sink is intended to just print some information about the events received.

Sink.java
/** an example sink for content events. 
  It simply prints what it sees. */
final class Sink 
extends org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler 
implements org.xml.sax.ContentHandler
{ final private static void print 
  ( final String context, final String text ) 
  { java.lang.System.out.println( context + ": \"" + text + "\"." ); }
  final public void startElement 
  ( final String namespace, final String localname,  
    final String type, final org.xml.sax.Attributes attributes ) 
  throws org.xml.sax.SAXException 
  { print( "startElement", type ); }
  final public void endElement 
  ( final String namespace, final String localname,  
    final String type ) 
  throws org.xml.sax.SAXException 
  { print( "endElement  ", type ); }
  final public void characters 
  ( final char[] ch, final int start, final int len )  
  { final String text = new String( ch, start, len ); 
    final String text1 = text.trim(); 
    if( text1.length() > 0 )print( "characters  ", text1 ); }}

An example application will now put it all together—and there is little left to do: An XML -reader is created, connected with the sink class and then set to parse an input source created from the source file "example.xml".

XMLAnalyzer.java
/** An example application */
public final class XMLAnalyzer
{ /** read an example XML file */
  final public static void main( final String [] args )  
  throws Exception 
  { org.xml.sax.XMLReader reader = XML.makeXMLReader(); 
    reader.setContentHandler( new Sink() ); 
    reader.parse( new org.xml.sax.InputSource( "example.xml" )); }}

The example input file contains just a simple date list with a single date: the year 2003.

example.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<DATES><Date><year>2003</year></Date></DATES>

The output of the example application for the input given shows the names of the element types encountered and the text data.

System.out
startElement: "DATES". 
startElement: "Date". 
startElement: "year". 
characters  : "2003". 
endElement  : "year". 
endElement  : "Date". 
endElement  : "DATES".

A Sink not Using a Default Handler

The following variant of an event sink shows how to implement an event handler without a base class. Thus, it shows all possible events and can be used as a template, where only the action wanted needs to be filled into the method bodies.

Sink.java
/** an example sink for content events 
  without using a default handler. */
final class Sink 
implements org.xml.sax.ContentHandler
{ final public void startElement 
  ( final String namespace, final String localname,  
    final String type, final org.xml.sax.Attributes attributes ) 
  throws org.xml.sax.SAXException{}
  final public void endElement 
  ( final String namespace, final String localname,  
    final String type ) 
  throws org.xml.sax.SAXException{}
  final public void characters 
  ( final char[] ch, final int start, final int len ){}
  final public void endDocument() throws org.xml.sax.SAXException {}
  final public void endPrefixMapping( final String prefix )  
  throws org.xml.sax.SAXException {}
  final public void ignorableWhitespace 
  ( final char[] ch, final int start, final int length ) 
  throws org.xml.sax.SAXException {}
  final public void processingInstruction 
  ( final String target, final String data ) 
  throws org.xml.sax.SAXException {}
  final public void setDocumentLocator( final org.xml.sax.Locator locator ){}
  final public void skippedEntity( final String name )  
  throws org.xml.sax.SAXException {}
  final public void startDocument()  
  throws org.xml.sax.SAXException {}
  public void startPrefixMapping( final String prefix, final String uri )  
  throws org.xml.sax.SAXException {}}

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Copyright 1998-2014 Stefan Ram, Berlin. All rights reserved. This page is a publication by Stefan Ram.
https://www.purl.org/stefan_ram/pub/java_sax_parser_en